A stye inside the eyelid, known as an internal stye, is typically due to a bacterial infection in an oil gland on the underside of the eyelid.
Since styes tend to recur, it’s important to learn how to prevent them. There are no guarantees, but you might be surprised that following some simple self-care steps can help keep them at bay.
Learn about the two types of styes and their symptoms, causes, and potential complications. This article also outlines treatment and prevention options.
Types of Styes
A bacterial infection is often the instigator of a stye.
There are two types of styes:
An internal hordeolum is a stye inside the eyelid. This infection starts in an oil-producing gland in the eye. An external hordeolum begins at the base of the eyelash. An infection in the hair follicle is often to blame for this type of stye, which looks very much like a pimple.
A stye inside the eyelid is usually more painful than a stye outside the eyelid. Plus, as the stye grows, it presses down on the eye.
Neither type of stye is considered contagious. Though, theoretically, it’s possible for the bacteria that cause the infection to be transferred from someone with an infection to someone else via a towel or pillowcase, causing that person to develop an infection, too. But this is rare.
You can also get a stye from blepharitis, which is an inflammation of the eyelids. It can make the base of the eyelashes red and swollen. Styes are notorious for feeling dry and incredibly itchy, too.
Internal Stye Symptoms
Symptoms of a stye may vary from one person to another. In addition to a painful bump, you could feel:
As if something is in your eyeCrusting on the eyelidDischarge from the eyeEyelid swelling, redness, or painEye tearingLike you want to rub a sore eye or scratch an itchy eyeSensitivity to light
Causes and Risk Factors
The most common cause of an internal stye is a bacterial infection known as Staphylococcus aureus. The infection often begins in the meibomian glands, which help supply the oil that makes tears. These tiny glands, along the edge of the eyelid, provide lubrication to the eye surface. A stye can also begin in other types of glands.
Risk factors that could make you more prone to getting a stye include:
Blepharitis Dry skin Having a previous stye Hormonal changes Underlying conditions, including diabetes, rosacea, or seborrheic dermatitis Using old (meaning at least six months old) or contaminated eye makeup or brushes Wearing contact lenses Wearing eye makeup overnight
When to Seek Help
Call your eyecare specialist if a stye looks unusual to you or is causing you intense pain. If it’s bothering you that much, it’s worth taking the time to have it evaluated.
Also call your healthcare provider promptly if:
The stye fails to improve after a few daysYou feel like something is lodged in your eyeYour eye or eyelid begins to bleedYour eyelid hurts or feels hotYour eyelid is red or swelling
Eye specialists usually diagnose a stye by simply examining the eyelid. No special tests are required.
Complications
A growing stye can become cosmetically unpleasant, but it’s usually not harmful. Still, one complication that can occur with an untreated internal stye is a chalazion. This is a swollen bump that is located on the eyelid. It’s typically not painful, but it can become red, swollen, and tender. And if the chalazion becomes too big, it can press on the eye and cause blurry vision.
Another possible complication is developing recurring styes. If this happens, your healthcare provider may want to perform a biopsy of the stye. There’s good reason for caution: A rare type of eye cancer, called sebaceous carcinoma, is an eyelid tumor that can cause growths that resemble styes.
Styes can progress into a more serious infection, such as cellulitis, and that’s why this should be seen immediately by a health provider.
How to Treat a Stye
There are several treatments for a stye, ranging from home remedies to medical and surgical treatments. Self-care options aren’t difficult, but they do require diligence and consistency.
A stye is painful; a chalazion usually isn’t. A stye often surfaces at the edge of an eyelid and swells; a chalazion bump usually grows further back on the eyelid.
Self-Care
Home remedies for a stye include:
Abstaining from squeezing or trying to pop the styeApplying a warm washcloth over your eyelids for 10 to 15 minutes, at least three to five times a day. Reheat the washcloth as needed when it cools down. Keeping your face, and especially your eyes, free of makeup until the infection heals Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever to calm pain and inflammationWashing your hands and face (including the eye area) daily
Medications and Procedures
Medical treatments for a stubborn stye that doesn’t respond to self-care remedies may include:
A steroid injection into the stye: This may be used to reduce the swelling, especially if a chalazion forms. Antibiotics: A healthcare provider may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics if you have a stye that is infected. Drainage of the stye: An eye specialist (like an ophthalmologist) could do a draining procedure if the stye does not go away and it affects your vision. It is usually done in a medical office under local anesthesia.
Prevention
Once you get a stye inside your eyelid, you’ll never want to get another. Although there are no guarantees, the best way to prevent styes is the same way you treat one.
A few other ideas may help:
Don’t rub your eyes if you have allergies. Keep your makeup to yourself; don’t share it with others (and don’t borrow from others, either). Remove makeup before going to bed so that your eye follicles don’t become plugged overnight. Replace eye makeup about every six months (and keep it no longer than one year) to avoid bacterial growth. Wash your hands thoroughly before touching your contact lenses. And if you wear the disposable kind, throw them away on schedule.
Summary
There are two types of styes, which are also known as hordeolums: An internal stye, which rests inside the eyelid, and an external stye, which begins at the base of the eyelash. A bacterial infection is the source of most styes, either in an oil-producing gland or a hair follicle.
Many styes resemble pimples, which may help explain why people are tempted to pinch them. But this tactic can serve to spread more bacteria, so it’s better to follow other treatment options, particularly shrinking and soothing the stye with a warm washcloth several times a day.
A Word From Verywell
It can be easy to underestimate the benefits of a warm washcloth on an internal or external stye. The warmth and moisture not only have a soothing effect, but they also help soften crusting around the clogged pore, allowing it to drain. This helps the stye heal faster, often without the need for antibiotics.
With that said, if symptoms persist for more than 48 hours or the redness and swelling start to spread or get worse, see your healthcare provider as you will likely need oral antibiotics and/or antibiotic eyedrops.
